Applicable laws/codes: Unclear – Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies, TITLE 22a. Environmental Protection Sec. 22a-174-17. Control of open burning was repealed in 2012. Open Burning guidance is provided at: https://portal.ct.gov/DEEP/Air/Open-Burning/Open-Burning
Year passed:
Liability Standard: strict
State authority: Department of Energy and Environmental Protection
Permitting Authority: local Open Burning Official
Permit Fee: No
PFC Council: No
Fire Needs Assessment (FNA): No
State Prescribed Burn Manager: No
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: No

Applicable laws/codes: Delaware’s Open Burning Regulations (7 DE Admin. Code, 1113)
Year passed: 2007
Liability Standard: ?
State authority: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
Permitting Authority: Division of Air Quality
Permit Fee: No
PFC Council: No
Fire Needs Assessment (FNA): No

State Prescribed Burn Manager: No
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: No

Applicable laws/codes: Illinois Prescribed Burning Act
Year passed: 2007
Liability Standard: gross negligence
State authority: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA)
Permitting Authority: 
Permit Fee:
PFC Council: https://www.illinoisprescribedfirecouncil.org/
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: Yes – https://www.illinoisprescribedfirecouncil.org/illinois-prescribed-burn-manager-certification.html
CPBM Fee: $50

Applicable laws/codes: Indiana Open Burning Regulations
Year passed: last readopted in 2001
Liability Standard: ?
State authority: Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Permitting Authority: Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Permit Fee: ?
PFC Council: Yes, Indiana Prescribed Fire Council
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: NA

Applicable laws/codes: 567 Iowa Administrative Code (IAC) paragraph 23.2(3)“d”; https://www.iowadnr.gov/Portals/idnr/uploads/forestry/Fire/fire_policy.pdf
Year passed: 2017
Liability Standard: ?
State authority: Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Permitting Authority: local authorities may apply
Permit Fee: No
PFC Council: No
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: NA

Applicable laws/codes: 12 Maine Rev. St. § 9321
Year passed: 2011 
Liability Standard: strict
State authority: Maine Department of Conservation – Forest Service 
Permitting Authority: Maine Burn Permit System; town forest fire warden or Maine forest ranger 
Permit Fee: Yes
PFC Council: Maine Prescribed Fire Council 
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: NA

Applicable laws/codes: https://dnr.maryland.gov/forests/Documents/fire/080704_Effective_02152016.pdf; https://dnr.maryland.gov/forests/Documents/fire/prescribedfire2010-204.pdf
Year passed: 2010
Liability Standard: Negligence
State authority: Maryland DNR Forest Service
Permitting Authority: Maryland DNR Forest Service; http://www.dnr.state.md.us/forests/art/county_map.asp
Permit Fee: No
PFC Council: No
State Prescribed Burn Manager: No
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: NA

Applicable laws/codes: https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleVII/Chapter48/Section13
Year passed: ?
Liability Standard: negligence, with some limitations
State authority: Department of Conservation and Recreation, Bureau of Forest Fire Control 
Permitting Authority: town fire chief and Department of Environmental Protection (Air Quality)
Permit Fee: ?
PFC Council: No
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: NA

Applicable laws/codes: Act 451 of 1994, Part 515 http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-451-1994-III-2-4-FOREST-FIRES-515; Administrative Rules = R281.421-429  (https://ars.apps.lara.state.mi.us/AdminCode/DownloadAdminCodeFile?FileName=1537_2015-035NR_AdminCode.pdf&ReturnHTML=True)
Year passed: 2004 (CPBM sections added to existing forest fire statute, effective Jan 2005)
Liability Standard: Gross negligence for CPBM
State authority: Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Permitting Authority: Michigan DNR or Local Fire Department (depending on location within state)
Permit Fee: $0
PFC Council: Yes, Michigan Prescribed Fire Council
State Prescribed Burn Manager: 
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: Not yet implemented
CPBM Fee: TBD

Applicable laws/codes: Sec. 88.17 MN Statutes – Revisor of Statutes
Year passed: 1925
Liability Standard: Misdemeanor plus Civil
State authority: Minnesota DNR
Permitting Authority: Minnesota DNR
Permit Fee: $5 for annual public; No for variance (Rx/Contractors)
PFC Council: Yes, Minnesota Prescribed Fire Council
State Prescribed Burn Manager: 
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: Minnesota Firing Boss (MFIRB)
CPBM Fee: TBD

Applicable laws/codes: https://house.mo.gov/billtracking/bills211/hlrbillspdf/0855S.04T.pdf (page 10, section 537.354)
Year passed: 2021
Liability Standard: simple negligence
State authority: MO Dept of Conservation
Permitting Authority: No permit required
Permit Fee: No
PFC Council: Missouri Prescribed Fire Council
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: Yes, new statute initiates. MDC’s Landowner Burn Workshop will be the curriculum (3hr classroom/online learning & 4-8hr field exercise)
CPBM Fee: TBD

Applicable laws/codes: RSA 227-L Woodland Fire Control NHCAR Chapter Res 5600 Res 5600 Section 227-L:17 FOREST FIRE SERVICE RULES_2005-10-01
Year passed: 1995…2010
Liability Standard: Simple negligence, Civil action for costs, misdemeanor for Natural Person and Felony for Other Person.
State authority: Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, Division of Forest and Lands, Forest Protection Bureau
Permitting Authority: Category III Permit: Town Forest Fire Warden; Category IV Joint permit from Town Forest Fire Warden and Forest Protection Bureau Forest Ranger.
Permit Fee: No
PFC Council: Yes, NH Prescribed Fire Council formed in 2010, ad hoc, no legal status
State Prescribed Burn Manager: No, but alternate RXB certification path available.
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: No

Applicable laws/codes: Prescribed Burn Act – New Jersey
Year passed: 2018
Liability Standard: gross negligence (?)
State authority: NJ Forest Fire Service
Permitting Authority: NJ Forest Fire Service
Permit Fee: No for individual; Yes for contractor or req for NJFFS assistance
PFC Council: No
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: NA

Applicable laws/codes: Consolidated Laws of New York CHAPTER 43-B Environmental Conservation ARTICLE 9 Lands and Forests, SECTION 9-1105

NYS DEC Regulations » Chapter II – Lands and Forests, Part 194: Forest Practices
Year passed:
Liability Standard: Negligence
State authority: NYS Dept of Environmental Conservation
Permitting Authority: NYS Dept of Environmental Conservation and local fire department
Permit Fee:
PFC Council: No
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: NA

Applicable laws/codes: https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-1503.18
Year passed: 2016
Liability Standard: negligence standard, with some limitations
State authority: Ohio Division of Forestry ODNR
Permitting Authority: Ohio Division of Forestry ODNR and Ohio EPA
Permit Fee:
PFC Council: Ohio Prescribed Fire Council
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program:
CPBM Fee:

Applicable laws/codes: Pennsylvania Prescribed Burning Practices Act (Act 17 of 2009) 
Year passed: 2009
Liability Standard: negligence
State authority: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry
Permitting Authority: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry
Permit Fee: Approved Prescribed Burn Plan required
PFC Council: PA Prescribed Fire Council
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program:
CPBM Fee:

Applicable laws/codes: Open Fires (250-RICR-120-05-4)
Year passed: 2007
Liability Standard: Negligence
State authority: Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management
Permitting Authority: Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management and local authority, e.g. fire chief
Permit Fee: varies
PFC Council: No
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: NA

Applicable laws/codes: TITLE 10 V.S.A. CHAPTER 83. VERMONT DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS, PARKS & RECREATION SUBCHAPTER 4: FOREST FIRES & FIRE PREVENTION
Year passed: n/a
Liability Standard: n/a
State authority: Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation
Permitting Authority: Town Forest Fire Wardens and Special Forest Fire Wardens
Permit Fee: None
PFC Council: No
State Prescribed Burn Manager: None
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager: No (CPBM) Program: n/a
CPBM Fee: NA

Applicable laws/codes: – W.Va. Code §22-5-4, CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM COMBUSTION OF REFUSE, §45-6-1. 3.1.e. Prescribed burning
Year passed: 2008
Liability Standard: Negligence
State authority: West Virginia Division of Forestry 
Permitting Authority: West Virginia Division of Forestry and Dept of Air Quality
Permit Fee:
PFC Council: No
State Prescribed Burn Manager:
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: NA

Applicable laws/codes: Civil Liability: Wisconsin State Statute Chapter 26.14 (5-9) & 26.21. Open Burning Exceptions: NR 429.04. Area of DNR Authority: NR30.01-4
Year passed: 1973;1977
Liability Standard: Strict
State authority: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (Forestry)
Permitting Authority: WI DNR (Forestry)
Permit Fee: No
PFC Council: Wisconsin Prescribed Fire Council
State Prescribed Burn Manager: 
Certified Prescribed Burn Manager (CPBM) Program: No
CPBM Fee: No